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Only 16 States Let You Sign, Witness and Notarize a Will Without Leaving Home. Here Is Where Yours Stands.
There is a moment, usually late, usually alone, when the questions are finally answered and the document prints and you realize you have no idea what happens next. Two witnesses, someone said. A notary, maybe. Your brother is in the will so he probably cannot sign it, the bank closed at four, and the one person who would have stood in your kitchen and watched you write your own name is the person the will is about. So the pages go in a drawer. That drawer is where most wills in this country quietly end, not in a courtroom and not in a family fight, but unsigned in a drawer, because the last ten minutes turned out to be harder than the first twenty.
We built this page for those ten minutes.
- Witnesses make a will valid. A notary only makes it self proving. Louisiana is the single exception in the country.
- In 32 of 51 US jurisdictions you cannot legally execute a will without another person physically in the room.
- 16 jurisdictions let you sign, witness and notarize entirely from home. Three allow part of it.
- FastWill: 199 dollars individual will, 499 dollars trust, remote notarization 75 dollars extra with witnesses included.
- Pennsylvania needs no witnesses at all. Ohio bans video witnessing by statute. Both are verified below.
What Actually Makes a Will Legal, and Why It Is Almost Never the Notary
Ask most people what makes a will official and they will say the notary. That answer is wrong in 50 of the 51 US jurisdictions, and believing it is one of the most common reasons a perfectly valid will gets treated as though it were worthless.
Witnesses make a will valid. A notary makes it self proving. Those are two different jobs, and only one of them is required.
Witnessing is the legal act. In nearly every state, two competent adults have to watch you sign, or watch you acknowledge that the signature is yours, and then sign the document themselves. Do that correctly and you have a valid will, notarized or not. Skip it, or use the wrong people, and you have a piece of paper.
Notarizing is the convenience. When a notary takes sworn statements from you and your witnesses, the will becomes what the law calls self proving, which means a probate court can accept it without hunting down your witnesses years later to confirm they were really there. It saves your loved ones time, expense, and one genuinely miserable errand during the worst week of their lives. It is worth doing. It is not what makes the will legal.
There is exactly one exception in the country, and it is Louisiana, where the civil law tradition produces something called a notarial testament and the notary is a required part of execution rather than an optional improvement on it.
This distinction decides whether you can finish your will without leaving your house. Remote online notarization is now available in most of the country. Remote witnessing is not. In the majority of states the two people who have to watch you sign still have to be standing in the room with you, and no video call substitutes for that.
Notarized Will Rules in Every State
We read the will execution statute in all fifty states and the District of Columbia, along with each state’s notary law, and built the table below. Every row carries its citation. The last column answers the question this page exists for: can you complete the entire process, signing, witnessing and notarizing, without another person physically present with you?
Sixteen jurisdictions say yes. Three say partly. In thirty two of the fifty one, you cannot legally execute a will without another human being in the room with you.
| State | Witnesses | Notary required | Video witnesses | Remote notary | Finish at home | Statute |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | Ala. Code 43-8-131 |
| Alaska | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | AS 13.12.502 |
| Arizona | 2 | No | Yes, e-wills only | Yes | Yes, all of it | A.R.S. 14-2502; e-wills 14-2518 |
| Arkansas | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | Ark. Code 28-25-103 |
| California | 2 | No | No | Not operational | No | Cal. Prob. Code 6110 |
| Colorado | 2 | No | Yes, e-wills only | Wills excluded | Partly | C.R.S. 15-11-502; e-wills 15-11-1301 |
| Connecticut | 2 | No | No | Wills excluded | No | Conn. Gen. Stat. 45a-251; RON bar at 3-95b(i) |
| Delaware | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | 12 Del. C. 202 |
| District of Columbia | 2 | No | Yes, e-wills only | Yes | Yes, all of it | D.C. Code 18-103; e-wills 18-901 |
| Florida | 2 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, all of it | Fla. Stat. 732.502; e-wills 732.522; RON 117.285 |
| Georgia | 2 | No | No | No remote notary | No | O.C.G.A. 53-4-20 |
| Hawaii | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | HRS 560:2-502 |
| Idaho | 2 | No | Yes, e-wills only | Yes | Yes, all of it | Idaho Code 15-2-502; e-wills 15-2-1101 |
| Illinois | 2 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, all of it | 755 ILCS 5/4-3; remote witnessing 755 ILCS 6/15-10 |
| Indiana | 2 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, all of it | IC 29-1-5-3; e-wills IC 29-1-21 |
| Iowa | 2 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, all of it | Iowa Code 633.279 |
| Kansas | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | K.S.A. 59-606 |
| Kentucky | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | KRS 394.040 |
| Louisiana | 2 witnesses plus a notary | Yes | No | Wills excluded | No | La. Civ. Code arts. 1574 to 1576, revised by Acts 2025 No. 30 effective August 1 2025 |
| Maine | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | 18-C M.R.S. 2-502 |
| Maryland | 2 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, all of it | Md. Code Est. and Trusts 4-102 |
| Massachusetts | 2 | No | No | Wills excluded | No | G.L. c. 190B 2-502; RON bar at c. 222 s. 28(c) |
| Michigan | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | MCL 700.2502 |
| Minnesota | 2 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, all of it | Minn. Stat. 524.2-502; presence 524.1-201 |
| Mississippi | 2, unless the will is wholly handwritten and subscribed by the testator | No | No | No remote notary | No | Miss. Code Ann. 91-5-1 |
| Missouri | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | Mo. Rev. Stat. 474.320 |
| Montana | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | MCA 72-2-522 |
| Nebraska | 2 | No | No | Wills excluded | No | Neb. Rev. Stat. 30-2327; RON bar at 64-418(2)(a) |
| Nevada | 2 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, all of it | NRS 133.040; e-wills 133.085; presence 133.088 |
| New Hampshire | 2 | No | Yes, attorney supervised | Yes | Yes, all of it | RSA 551:2 |
| New Jersey | 2 | No | No | Wills excluded | No | N.J.S.A. 3B:3-2; RON carve out 52:7-10.10(b) |
| New Mexico | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | NMSA 1978 45-2-502 |
| New York | 2 | No | No | Wills excluded | No | EPTL 3-2.1; Electronic Wills Act L. 2025 ch. 637 |
| North Carolina | 2 | No | Yes, through July 2027 | Wills excluded | Partly | G.S. 31-3.3; remote witnessing G.S. 10B-200 and 10B-201; RON bar at 10B-134.3(c) |
| North Dakota | 2 | No | No | Yes | Yes, all of it | N.D.C.C. 30.1-08-02; e-wills ch. 30.1-37 |
| Ohio | 2 | No | No | Not operational | No | R.C. 2107.03 |
| Oklahoma | 2 | No | Yes, e-wills only | Yes | Yes, all of it | Okla. Stat. tit. 84 s. 55; e-wills tit. 84 ss. 901 to 910 |
| Oregon | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | ORS 112.235 |
| Pennsylvania | None required | No | Not applicable | Yes | Yes, all of it | 20 Pa.C.S. 2502 (Form and execution of a will); proof at probate 20 Pa.C.S. 3132; self proving 20 Pa.C.S. 3132.1 |
| Rhode Island | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | R.I. Gen. Laws 33-5-5 |
| South Carolina | 2 | No | No | No remote notary | No | S.C. Code Ann. 62-2-502; exclusion at 26-2-200 |
| South Dakota | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | SDCL 29A-2-502 |
| Tennessee | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | Tenn. Code Ann. 32-1-104 |
| Texas | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | Tex. Est. Code 251.051 |
| Utah | 2 | No | Yes, e-wills only | Yes | Yes, all of it | Utah Code 75-2-502; e-wills 75-2-1401 |
| Vermont | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | 14 V.S.A. 5 |
| Virginia | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | Va. Code 64.2-403 |
| Washington | 2 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes, all of it | RCW 11.12.020; e-wills RCW 11.12.400 |
| West Virginia | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | W. Va. Code 41-1-3 |
| Wisconsin | 2 | No | Yes, attorney supervised | Wills excluded | Partly | Wis. Stat. 853.03; RON carve out 140.145(10)(a) |
| Wyoming | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | Wyo. Stat. 2-6-112 |
Louisiana, Pennsylvania and Ohio Break Every Rule on This Page
Three states differ enough that a generic online will guide will actively mislead you.
Louisiana requires the notary
Louisiana is the only civil law jurisdiction in the United States and it does not use the common law attested will at all. The standard instrument is a notarial testament, executed before a notary public in the presence of two witnesses and signed by you, both witnesses and the notary. The notary is not a convenience here, it is an element of validity. The legislature rewrote these rules in 2025, effective the first of August that year, dropping the mandatory attestation clause and relaxing where the signature and date may appear. Louisiana also prohibits remote online notarization of a testament outright, so there is no at home route in this state at all. The one alternative is the olographic testament, entirely handwritten, dated and signed in your own hand, which needs no notary and no witnesses.
Pennsylvania requires no witnesses at all
This one surprises attorneys from other states. 20 Pa.C.S. 2502 says that every will shall be in writing and shall be signed by the testator at the end thereof, and that is the entire requirement. Witnesses appear in the statute only when you sign by mark or when someone else signs on your behalf. Two witnesses are needed to prove the will after your death under a separate section, and that section even concedes that many Pennsylvania wills have no subscribing witnesses at all.
Say it precisely, because the difference matters. Witnesses are not required for validity in Pennsylvania. They are not unnecessary. Making your Pennsylvania will self proving still takes two witnesses at signing, which is why most Pennsylvania wills are witnessed anyway, by choice rather than by rule.
Ohio bans video witnessing by name
Most states that do not allow remote witnessing simply never authorized it. Ohio went further and legislated against it. Ohio Revised Code 2107.03 defines conscious presence as being within the range of any of the testator’s senses, then adds this: excluding the sense of sight or sound that is sensed by telephonic, electronic, or other distant communication. A video call is expressly not presence in Ohio. The state also has no self proving affidavit statute at all, which makes it the strictest jurisdiction in the country on both counts.
Self Proving Affidavits: The Step That Saves Your Loved Ones a Witness Hunt
Picture the alternative, because this is the part that never feels urgent until it is. You pass in 2041. Your will was signed in 2026 in front of two neighbors. To admit it, the court wants confirmation that those neighbors watched you sign. One has moved twice and remarried. One has passed. Your executor, who is probably your daughter, is now trying to locate a stranger’s new surname while also arranging a funeral.
A self proving affidavit prevents all of that. It is a short sworn statement, signed by you and your witnesses in front of a notary at the time of signing, and it lets the court accept the will on its face. Most states allow you to add one later if you missed it at execution.
Four things worth knowing that the table above cannot show you. Ohio has no self proving statute, so Ohio wills rely on the court’s discretion instead. Indiana does not require a notary for its version, because the statement runs under penalty of perjury. Rhode Island’s equivalent works only if nobody objects, which is a meaningful limit. And in West Virginia the affidavit is not admissible in that form if the will is contested.
If you are administering an estate rather than writing a will, our guides on letters testamentary in every state and transfer on death deeds pick up where this page leaves off.
FastWill: What It Costs, and Our Verdict
FastWill is an online estate planning platform based in Dallas, accredited by the Better Business Bureau with an A rating since October 2024. The Will Package runs 199 dollars for an individual and 249 for a couple, and includes a last will and testament, a healthcare directive with HIPAA authorization, a financial power of attorney, and thirty days of editing. The Trust Package runs 499 individual and 599 couple, adding a revocable living trust, a pour over will, a schedule of assets with funding instructions, and a certification of trust.
Two costs sit outside those numbers. Remote notarization is an add on, from 75 dollars for an individual will up to 115 for a couple’s trust, and every session includes the witnesses. Deed transfer, which is how real estate actually moves into a trust, is 399 dollars plus your county’s recording fees.
So the honest figure for a will finished entirely at home is not 199 dollars. It is 274. That is still a fraction of what an estate attorney charges, and FastWill’s own published comparison puts the traditional attorney route at 2,500 to 4,900 dollars or more. We name the real number because a reader who discovers the add on at checkout stops trusting everything else on the page.
One correction we owe you, and it is about our own partner. FastWill’s public FAQ states that both wills and trusts need to be notarized to be legally valid. As the table above shows, that is true in Louisiana and nowhere else. We flagged it rather than repeating it.
Funding a Trust: The Deed Step Most Online Services Skip
A living trust only controls what has actually been placed inside it. Your house is the largest thing most families own, and moving a house into a trust means recording a new deed with your county. A trust document alone does not do it.
FastWill states the problem in their own words: without this essential step your trust will ignore your property. They are right, and it is unusually candid for a company selling trusts. They also sell the deed transfer as a finished service, prepared and filed for you. Quicken WillMaker and Living Trustify both produce solid trust documents and both leave the funding to you.
One caveat that applies to everyone, FastWill included. Deed paperwork must be notarized in person with a wet signature, because remote notarization is not permitted for deeds anywhere in the country. If you are buying a trust, one errand is unavoidable no matter which service you choose.
Who Should Look Elsewhere
FastWill is not the cheapest online will and we are not going to pretend it is.
If price is your only concern, Quicken WillMaker is 109 dollars one time and produces more documents. If you want ongoing custody of your documents, an encrypted vault, automatic delivery to the people you name, and unlimited updates for the life of the plan, LVED is our primary estate planning partner and carries a thirty three percent discount that exists nowhere else online. If your estate is genuinely complicated, a blended family with competing expectations, a special needs beneficiary, a business, assets over a million dollars, or a will you expect someone to contest, hire an attorney and do not let a website talk you out of it.
And if you live in one of the thirty two jurisdictions where witnesses must be physically present, understand what you are buying. FastWill will produce a correct, state specific document and walk you through signing it, but the last step still happens in your kitchen with two adults who are not in your will. A remote notary session cannot solve that where your state does not allow it.
Not sure where you stand before spending anything? Our free Estate Readiness tool takes a few minutes and costs nothing, and the free estate planning downloads include the worksheets we would hand a family in person.
Frequently Asked Questions
Every row in the table above was built from primary sources rather than from other consumer websites. For each jurisdiction we read the will execution statute, the interested witness provision, the self proving affidavit statute where one exists, and the state’s notary law, then checked whether wills are excluded from remote online notarization.
Sources, in the order we relied on them:
- Official state legislature and state code websites
- Secretary of State notary divisions, which govern remote online notarization and its carve outs
- The Uniform Law Commission, for electronic wills and notarial act enactments
- The National Notary Association, for current remote notarization status by state
- State bar associations, used only to corroborate
Where a state does not publish its code on a free government site, we say so in our working file rather than implying a primary read we did not make. Four items were re-verified against primary sources on 14 August 2026 after an initial pass flagged them as uncertain: Pennsylvania’s witness rule, North Carolina’s video witnessing sunset (extended to 1 July 2027 by S.L. 2026-52, not lapsed as first recorded), Vermont’s remote witnessing trigger, and California’s remote notarization status. Maryland’s interested witness rule was resolved to common law. No field in the dataset remains unverified.
Two things this page is not. It is not legal advice about your estate, and it is not a substitute for reading your own state’s requirements before you sign. Laws change, and this table carries a review date for that reason. If you find an error, tell us and we will correct it and note the correction.